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Items starting with C

C-Peptide (Urine)

C-Peptide (Urine)

Provided by referral laboratory

UCPCR <0.2 nmol/mmol: Severe insulin deficiency

UCPCR 0.2 -0.6 nmol/mmol: Intermediate insulin secretion

UCPCR >0.6 nmol/mmol: Substantial endogenous insulin secretion

C peptide ranges 2 1024x620

 

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

C-Reactive Protein (CRP)

0-5 mg/L

(Source : Abbott Diagnostics)

Concentration of up to 5 mg/L exclude many acute inflammatory diseases, but do not specifically exclude inflammatory processes.

Values in excess of 100mg/L show acute bacterial infection or active inflammation.

C1 esterase inhibitor

C1 esterase inhibitor

0.15-0.35g/L

PRU handbook in clinical Immunochemistry . A.Milford Ward. J.Sheldon et al 9th edition. 2007

Cadmium

Cadmium

Cadmium (blood) (CAD)

nmol/L

Non-smokers

<27

Smokers

<54

Significant Exposure

>90

Source, SAS Trace Element Laboratories Update 2018

 

Calcitonin

Calcitonin

Females <5.5 ng/L
Males < 18.9 ng/L
(New reference range July 2006 - Diasorin assay)

Calcium

Calcium

Neonate (<4wks)  2.0-2.7 mmol/L

4wks-16yrs          2.2-2.7 mmol/L

Adult                   2.2-2.6 mmol/L

(Source : Pathology Harmony Recommendations)

Calprotectin (faecal)

Clinical Cut offs (New Guidance in place 16/07/2026)

Adults (Individuals 16 and over)

FCAL <100 ug/g : Not indicative of  GI Inflammation. Consider IBS or alternative diagnoses.

FCAL 100-250 ug/g : Indeterminate. Suggest repeating in 2-4 weeks if clinical concern remains or relevant family history. NSAIDs/PPIs should be stopped 2 weeks prior to sample collection. If repeat result also indeterminate suggest referral.

FCAL >250 ug/g : Indicative of GI inflammation, suggest referral.

FCAL_guidance.png

 

Paediatrics (children <16 years old)

FCAL <50 ug/g - Not indicative of GI Inflammation

FCAL 50-150 ug/g : No further action needed. Consider repeat if symptoms worsen.

FCAL 151-250 ug/g : Indeterminate. Suggest repeating in 4 weeks if clinical concern remains or relevant family history. NSAIDs/PPIs should be stopped 2 weeks prior to sample collection. If repeat result also indeterminate suggest referral.

FCAL >250 ug/g : Indicative of GI inflammation, although false positives can occur in patients with high BMI. Suggest referral.

Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125)

Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125)

Population Reference Range used historically at BHH < 30 kU/L.

Manufacturers reference data. Roche Diagnostics June 2006:

593 pre- and post-menopausal healthy females yielded a 95th centile value of 35 kU/L.
It is suggested that a value of > 35 kU/L indicates that disease may still be present when used in the context of detection of residual or recurrent ovarian carcinoma following first line treatment.

Carbamazepine

Carbamazepine

Therapeutic range: 4-12 mg/L

Source : Pathology Harmony Recommendations

Nystagmus, ataxia and drowsiness occur at levels above 12 mg/L and more serious toxicity above 15 mg/L.

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